How to use 'python square root' in Python

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632def square_root(self):
633 """
634 Return square root, which is a complex number.
635
636 EXAMPLES:
637 sage: i = ComplexField(100).0
638 sage: (-i).sqrt()
639 0.70710678118654752440084436210459 - 0.70710678118654752440084436210459*I
640 """
641 return self.sqrt()
66def square_root_mod_p(a, p):
67 """
68 Iterator yielding values v s.t. v * v % p == a
69 There will be 0 or 2 answers.
70 """
71 # see http://course1.winona.edu/eerrthum/13Spring/SquareRoots.pdf
72 a %= p
73 if p == 2:
74 yield a & 1
75 return
76 if p == 4:
77 a &= 3
78 if a == 0:
79 yield 0
80 if a == 1:
81 yield 1
82 yield 3
83 return
84 if p & 3 == 3:
85 s1 = pow(a, (p + 1) >> 2, p)
86 if s1 * s1 % p == a:
87 yield s1
88 yield p - s1
89 return
90 if p & 7 == 5:
91 k = (p - 5) >> 3
92 v1 = pow(a, (p-1) >> 2, p)
93 v2 = pow(a, k+1, p)
94 if v1 == 1:
95 yield v2
96 yield p - v2
97 elif v1 == p-1:
98 r = (v2 * pow(2, 2*k+1, p)) % p
99 yield r
100 yield p - r
101 return
102 else:
103 raise ValueError("not implemented for prime %d" % p)

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